Glossary of common sewing terms
Below is a list of common sewing terms that you’re likely to encounter as you learn to sew. I hope it helps.
Common Sewing Terms
Backstitch: A few stitches sewn backward to reinforce the beginning or end of a seam and prevent unraveling.
Baste: Temporary long stitches (done by hand or machine) used to hold fabric pieces together before final sewing. Also called “tacking.”
Bias: The diagonal direction of fabric (45° angle to the grain). Fabric cut on the bias has stretch and drape.
Dart: A triangular fold sewn into fabric to add shape to a garment, especially around bust, waist, or hips.
Grain: The direction of threads in woven fabric. Lengthwise grain runs parallel to the selvage; crosswise grain runs perpendicular.
Hem: The finished edge of a garment, typically folded under and sewn to prevent fraying and give a neat appearance.
Notch: Small marks or cuts used as guides to align fabric pieces when sewing.
Right Side / Wrong Side: The right side is the “pretty” or printed side of fabric; the wrong side is the back or unfinished side.
Seam Allowance: The area between the edge of the fabric and the stitching line—typically 1.5cm (⅝”) in garment sewing.
Selvage: The tightly woven edge of the fabric that runs along the lengthwise grain and doesn’t fray.
Topstitch: A visible stitch on the top of a garment, often decorative or used to reinforce seams.
Tension: The tightness of thread in stitching. Correct tension ensures even stitches without puckering or looping.
Understitching: A line of stitching on the facing or lining of a garment to keep it from rolling to the outside.
Sewing Machine Terms
Bobbin: A small spool that holds the lower thread in a sewing machine.
Feed Dogs: The metal teeth under the needle plate that help move the fabric through the machine while sewing.
Foot Pedal: A pedal that controls the sewing machine speed with your foot.
Free Arm: A removable section of the sewing machine base that allows you to sew cylindrical items like sleeves or trouser legs.
Hand Wheel: The round wheel on the side of the machine used to manually raise or lower the needle.
Needle Plate / Throat Plate: The metal plate beneath the needle that has guide lines to help sew straight seams.
Presser Foot: The attachment that holds fabric flat while sewing. Different types are used for different techniques (zipper, buttonhole, etc.).
Reverse Lever / Backstitch Button: A function that allows the machine to sew in reverse to secure stitches.
Stitch Length / Width Dial: Controls how long or wide your stitches are.
Tension Dial: Adjusts the tightness of the upper thread. Too tight or too loose can affect stitch quality.
Thread Guide: Guides that help position the thread correctly when threading the machine.
Zigzag Stitch: A versatile stitch used for stretch fabrics, seam finishing, and decorative stitching.
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All classes and workshops are held at my workshop on the Northern Beaches Sydney (near Northern Beaches Hospital). Private lessons and group workshops available at my workshop or a location of your choice.
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A hands-on learn to sew class. Maximum 6 people…
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Fun and hands-on sewing class for kids.
Clothes upcycling skills that will transform yo…
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Start making your own clothes.
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